World
International
Lyme
Disease
Emergency
Rescue
Network
WILDER Network
(A Microbiology Tutorial)
by, Thomas M. Grier
(An excerpt from the Lyme Disease Survival Manual 2000)
WILDER Home
60-
Schutzer, Steve M.D. Lyme Disease: Molecular and Immunologic Approaches.
Series 6 Current Communications in Molecular and Cell Biology, Cold Spring
Harbor Press, 329 pages, 1992
61- Musher, Daniel M. Syphilis, Neurosyphilis, and AIDS J Infect Dis 1991;163:1201-1206
62- Musher DM, Hamill RJ, Hamill RJ, Baughn RE. Effect of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infection on the course of Syphilis and on the Response to Treatment. Annals of Internal Med 1990;113:872-881
63- Sczepanski A, Benach JL. Lyme Borreliosis: Host response to Borrelia burgdorferi. Microbiol Rev 1991;55:21-34
64- Sharief MK, Ciardi M, Thompson EJ. Blood Brain Barrier Damage in Patients with Bacterial Meningitis Association with Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha but not Interlukin 1ß.J Infect Dis 1992;166:350-8
65- Sigurdardottir B, Bjornsson OM, et al. Acute Bacterial Meningitis in Adults. ArchIntern Med 1997; 157:425-430
66- Mattman, Lida H Ph.D. Cell wall Deficient Forms: Stealth Pathogens. 2nd Edition, CRC Press, ISBN # 0-8493-4405-0, CRC Press Inc., 2000 Corporate Blvd. N.W. Boca Rattan Florida. 33431
** Cleveland CP, Dennler PS, Durray PH. Recurrence of Lyme disease presenting as a chest wall mass: Borrelia burgdorferi was present despite five months of IV ceftriaxone 2g, and three months of oral cefixime 400 mg BID. Poster presentation LDF International Conference on Lyme Disease research, Stamford, CT, April 1992 **
67- Diringer MN, Halperin JJ, Dattwyler RJ. Lyme meningoencephalitis: A report of a severe, penicillin resistant Borrelia encephalitis responding to cefotaxime. Arthritis and Rheum 1987;30:705-708
68- Drulle John MD. Persisting Lyme disease: Chronic infection or immune phenomena? Lecture Handout 1992 *
69- Fried Martin D, Durray P. Gastrointestinal Disease in Children with Persistent Lyme Disease: Spirochetes isolated from the G.I. tract despite antibiotic therapy. 1996 LDF Lyme Conference Boston, MA, Abstract*
70- Haupl TH, Krause A, Bittig M. Persistence of Borrelia burgdorferi in chronic Lyme Disease: altered immune regulation or evasion into immunologically privileged sites? Abstract 149 Fifth International Conference on Lyme Borreliosis, Arlington, VA, 1992 *
71- Haupl T, Hahn G, Rittig M, Krause A, Schoerner C, Schonnherr U, Kalden JR and Burmester GR: Persistence of Borrelia burgdorferi in ligamentous tissue from a patient with chronic Lyme Borreliosis. Arthritis and Rheum 1993;36:1621-1626
72- Lavoie Paul E. Failure of published antibiotic regimens in Lyme borreliosis: Observations on prolonged oral therapy. Abstract presented at the 1990 Lyme Borreliosis International Conference in Sweden.*
73-Lavoie Paul E MD. Protocol from Rakel’s: Explains persistence of infection despite “standard” courses of antibiotics. Lyme Times-Lyme Disease Resource Center 1992;2(2): 25-27 Reprinted from Conn’s Current Therapy 1991
74- Lawrence C, Lipton RB, Lowy FD, and Coyle PK. Seronegative Chronic Relapsing Neuroborreliosis. European Neurology. 1995;35(2):113-117
75- Liegner KB. Spectrum of antibiotic-responsive meningoencephalmyelitides: A fatal case of CMEM. Poster presentation 1992 LDF Lyme Conference, Stamford, CT April 1992 *
76- Liegner Kenneth B MD. Chronic persistent infection and chronic persistent denial of chronic persistent infection in Lyme Disease. A position paper presented at the 6th Annual International Conference on Lyme Disease and other tick-borne illnesses, Atlantic City, NJ, May 5-6, 1993 *
77- Liegner, Kenneth B. Chronic Lyme disease: A costly dilemma. Abstract # P012M, Fifth International Lyme Borreliosis Research Symposia, Arlington, VA 1992 *
78- Liegner KB, Shapiro JR, Ramsey D, Halperin AJ, Hogrefe W, and Kong L. Recurrent erythema migrans despite extended antibiotic treatment with minocycline in a patient with persisting Borrelia burgdorferi infection. J. American Acad Dermatol 1993;28:312-314
79- Ma Y, Sturrock A, and Weis JJ. Intracellular localization of Borrelia burgdorferi within human endothelial cells. Infect Immun 1991;59:671-678
80- Mahmoud AAF. The challenge of intracellular pathogens (Editorial). New Engl J. Med 1992;326:761-2
81- Masters EJ, Lynxwiler P, Rawlings J. Spirochetemia after continuous high dose oral amoxicillin therapy. Infect Dis Clin Practice 1994;3:207-208
82- Pal GS, Baker JT, Wright DJM. Penicillin resistant Borrelia encephalitis responding to cefotaxime. Lancet I (1988) 50-51
83- Preac-Mursic V, Wilske B, Schierz G, et al. Repeated isolation of spirochetes from the cerebrospinal fluid of a patient with meningoradiculitis Bannwarth’ Syndrome. Eur J Clin Microbiol 1984;3:564-565
84- Preac-Mursic V, Weber K, Pfister HW, Wilske B, Gross B, Baumann A, and Prokop J. Survival of Borrelia burgdorferi in antibiotically treated patients with Lyme Borreliosis Infection 1989;17:335-339
85- Schmidli J, Hunzicker T, Moesli P, et al, Cultivation of Bb from joint fluid three months after treatment of facial palsy due to Lyme Borreliosis. J Infect Dis 1988;158:905-906
86- Stanek G, Klein J, Bittner R, Glogar D. Isolation of Borrelia burgdorferi from the myocardium of a patient with long-standing cardiomyopathy. New Engl J Med 1990;322:249-252
87- Wokke JHJ, vanGijn J, Eldersom A, Stanek G. Chronic forms of Borrelia burgdorferi infection of the central nervous system. Neurology 1987;37:1031-1034
88- Abstract # 1154 by Dr. Pamela E. Morrissey et al 1995 Rheumatology Symposia, This study suggests that Bb binds to a variety of tissues, and has a specific affinity to many tissue types. These specific affinities seem to be mediated by sialic acid, and glycosaminoglycans. Further specific enzymes that dissolve these compounds resulted in the inability of the bacteria to remain attached to tissues in vitro.
89- Neuroboreliosis: In the journal, Annals of Neurology Vol. 38, No 4, 1995 There was a brief article by Dr. Andrew Pachner MD, Elizabeth Delaney BS, and Tim O’Neill DVM, Ph.D. The conclusion of the article was simple and concise: “ These data suggest that Lyme neuroboreliosis represents persistent infection with B. burgdorferi.” The study used nonhuman primates as a model for human neuroboreliosis, and used a special PCR technique to detect the presence of Borrelia DNA within specific structures of the brains of five rhesus monkeys. The monkeys were injected with strain N40Br of Borrelia burgdorferi, and later autopsied for analysis. Accuracy of the Western Blot Using the New Suggested Criteria
page - one - two - three - four - five - six - seven - eight - nine - ten -
61- Musher, Daniel M. Syphilis, Neurosyphilis, and AIDS J Infect Dis 1991;163:1201-1206
62- Musher DM, Hamill RJ, Hamill RJ, Baughn RE. Effect of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infection on the course of Syphilis and on the Response to Treatment. Annals of Internal Med 1990;113:872-881
63- Sczepanski A, Benach JL. Lyme Borreliosis: Host response to Borrelia burgdorferi. Microbiol Rev 1991;55:21-34
64- Sharief MK, Ciardi M, Thompson EJ. Blood Brain Barrier Damage in Patients with Bacterial Meningitis Association with Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha but not Interlukin 1ß.J Infect Dis 1992;166:350-8
65- Sigurdardottir B, Bjornsson OM, et al. Acute Bacterial Meningitis in Adults. ArchIntern Med 1997; 157:425-430
66- Mattman, Lida H Ph.D. Cell wall Deficient Forms: Stealth Pathogens. 2nd Edition, CRC Press, ISBN # 0-8493-4405-0, CRC Press Inc., 2000 Corporate Blvd. N.W. Boca Rattan Florida. 33431
** Cleveland CP, Dennler PS, Durray PH. Recurrence of Lyme disease presenting as a chest wall mass: Borrelia burgdorferi was present despite five months of IV ceftriaxone 2g, and three months of oral cefixime 400 mg BID. Poster presentation LDF International Conference on Lyme Disease research, Stamford, CT, April 1992 **
67- Diringer MN, Halperin JJ, Dattwyler RJ. Lyme meningoencephalitis: A report of a severe, penicillin resistant Borrelia encephalitis responding to cefotaxime. Arthritis and Rheum 1987;30:705-708
68- Drulle John MD. Persisting Lyme disease: Chronic infection or immune phenomena? Lecture Handout 1992 *
69- Fried Martin D, Durray P. Gastrointestinal Disease in Children with Persistent Lyme Disease: Spirochetes isolated from the G.I. tract despite antibiotic therapy. 1996 LDF Lyme Conference Boston, MA, Abstract*
70- Haupl TH, Krause A, Bittig M. Persistence of Borrelia burgdorferi in chronic Lyme Disease: altered immune regulation or evasion into immunologically privileged sites? Abstract 149 Fifth International Conference on Lyme Borreliosis, Arlington, VA, 1992 *
71- Haupl T, Hahn G, Rittig M, Krause A, Schoerner C, Schonnherr U, Kalden JR and Burmester GR: Persistence of Borrelia burgdorferi in ligamentous tissue from a patient with chronic Lyme Borreliosis. Arthritis and Rheum 1993;36:1621-1626
72- Lavoie Paul E. Failure of published antibiotic regimens in Lyme borreliosis: Observations on prolonged oral therapy. Abstract presented at the 1990 Lyme Borreliosis International Conference in Sweden.*
73-Lavoie Paul E MD. Protocol from Rakel’s: Explains persistence of infection despite “standard” courses of antibiotics. Lyme Times-Lyme Disease Resource Center 1992;2(2): 25-27 Reprinted from Conn’s Current Therapy 1991
74- Lawrence C, Lipton RB, Lowy FD, and Coyle PK. Seronegative Chronic Relapsing Neuroborreliosis. European Neurology. 1995;35(2):113-117
75- Liegner KB. Spectrum of antibiotic-responsive meningoencephalmyelitides: A fatal case of CMEM. Poster presentation 1992 LDF Lyme Conference, Stamford, CT April 1992 *
76- Liegner Kenneth B MD. Chronic persistent infection and chronic persistent denial of chronic persistent infection in Lyme Disease. A position paper presented at the 6th Annual International Conference on Lyme Disease and other tick-borne illnesses, Atlantic City, NJ, May 5-6, 1993 *
77- Liegner, Kenneth B. Chronic Lyme disease: A costly dilemma. Abstract # P012M, Fifth International Lyme Borreliosis Research Symposia, Arlington, VA 1992 *
78- Liegner KB, Shapiro JR, Ramsey D, Halperin AJ, Hogrefe W, and Kong L. Recurrent erythema migrans despite extended antibiotic treatment with minocycline in a patient with persisting Borrelia burgdorferi infection. J. American Acad Dermatol 1993;28:312-314
79- Ma Y, Sturrock A, and Weis JJ. Intracellular localization of Borrelia burgdorferi within human endothelial cells. Infect Immun 1991;59:671-678
80- Mahmoud AAF. The challenge of intracellular pathogens (Editorial). New Engl J. Med 1992;326:761-2
81- Masters EJ, Lynxwiler P, Rawlings J. Spirochetemia after continuous high dose oral amoxicillin therapy. Infect Dis Clin Practice 1994;3:207-208
82- Pal GS, Baker JT, Wright DJM. Penicillin resistant Borrelia encephalitis responding to cefotaxime. Lancet I (1988) 50-51
83- Preac-Mursic V, Wilske B, Schierz G, et al. Repeated isolation of spirochetes from the cerebrospinal fluid of a patient with meningoradiculitis Bannwarth’ Syndrome. Eur J Clin Microbiol 1984;3:564-565
84- Preac-Mursic V, Weber K, Pfister HW, Wilske B, Gross B, Baumann A, and Prokop J. Survival of Borrelia burgdorferi in antibiotically treated patients with Lyme Borreliosis Infection 1989;17:335-339
85- Schmidli J, Hunzicker T, Moesli P, et al, Cultivation of Bb from joint fluid three months after treatment of facial palsy due to Lyme Borreliosis. J Infect Dis 1988;158:905-906
86- Stanek G, Klein J, Bittner R, Glogar D. Isolation of Borrelia burgdorferi from the myocardium of a patient with long-standing cardiomyopathy. New Engl J Med 1990;322:249-252
87- Wokke JHJ, vanGijn J, Eldersom A, Stanek G. Chronic forms of Borrelia burgdorferi infection of the central nervous system. Neurology 1987;37:1031-1034
88- Abstract # 1154 by Dr. Pamela E. Morrissey et al 1995 Rheumatology Symposia, This study suggests that Bb binds to a variety of tissues, and has a specific affinity to many tissue types. These specific affinities seem to be mediated by sialic acid, and glycosaminoglycans. Further specific enzymes that dissolve these compounds resulted in the inability of the bacteria to remain attached to tissues in vitro.
89- Neuroboreliosis: In the journal, Annals of Neurology Vol. 38, No 4, 1995 There was a brief article by Dr. Andrew Pachner MD, Elizabeth Delaney BS, and Tim O’Neill DVM, Ph.D. The conclusion of the article was simple and concise: “ These data suggest that Lyme neuroboreliosis represents persistent infection with B. burgdorferi.” The study used nonhuman primates as a model for human neuroboreliosis, and used a special PCR technique to detect the presence of Borrelia DNA within specific structures of the brains of five rhesus monkeys. The monkeys were injected with strain N40Br of Borrelia burgdorferi, and later autopsied for analysis. Accuracy of the Western Blot Using the New Suggested Criteria
page - one - two - three - four - five - six - seven - eight - nine - ten -
Ticks carry more than just
Lyme disease! Including:
0 -Ehrlichia;
o -Bartonella;
0 -Babesia;
o -Q- Fever;
0 -Tularemia;
o -Tick-borne Encephalitis;
0 -Mycoplasma;
o -Relapsing Fever;
0 -Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever and others.
Never WAIT and SEE about a tick bite, please! Quickly and properly treated infections are less likely to progress to later stage or chronic disease.
Sometimes tick bites are
mistaken for spider bites!
Some diseases may be spread by animal bites or scratches and from mosquitoes, fleas or lice.
There is still so much to learn about Lyme disease and related infections.
Sometimes Lyme disease and related infectious diseases are undiagnosed for years, even decades!
Watch closely for symptoms after tick bites. Some never see a tick or a bulls-eye rash.
Don't ignore tick-borne disease symptoms!
If you feel sick, ask a doctor!
SYMPTOMS may include:
0 -Tick bites;
o -Fever; Flu symptoms;
0 -All kinds of Rashes;
o -Muscle; Joint; Neck Pain;
0 -Body Aches; Weakness
o -Light /Sound Sensitivity;
0 -Bells Palsy; Nerve pain;
o -Insomnia; Poor memory
0 -Headaches; Numbness;
o -Mood disorders; Confusion;
0 -Extreme Fatigue; Exhaustion
Never let tick-borne diseases progress!
Lyme and associated diseases are often MISTAKEN FOR OTHER ILLNESSES, Including:
0 -Chronic Fatigue;
o -Fibromyalgia;
0 -Hypochondria;
o -Multiple Sclerosis;
0 -Lupus;
o -Rheumatoid Arthritis;
0 -Lou Gehrig's disease (ALS);
o -Alzheimer's and
0 -Parkinson's disease
******************
Don't be fooled about ticks and their diseases.
******************
Directly affecting humankind, worldwide:
W H A T H A P P E N E D
when the U.S. Senate addressed the Centers for Disease Control regarding Lyme disease?
Consult a good doctor!
Visit ILADS, LDF, LymeNet or LDA to find a specialist in your location.
Protect your children and your family.
Learn about ticks and their many diseases.
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TICK
BYTES:
Tick-borne diseases are spreading rapidly
in many countries across the world including,
UK, Scandinavia, Hungary, Scotland, USA,
France, Germany, China, and Australia.
There is NO 100% accurate Lyme disease
TEST available to detect infection or cure.
Ticks can be found in and around
leaf litter; grass; logs; animal fur;
bird feeders; and deer, mice, squirrel,
and other small animal habitats.
Tick-borne diseases are spreading rapidly
in many countries across the world including,
UK, Scandinavia, Hungary, Scotland, USA,
France, Germany, China, and Australia.
There is NO 100% accurate Lyme disease
TEST available to detect infection or cure.
Ticks can be found in and around
leaf litter; grass; logs; animal fur;
bird feeders; and deer, mice, squirrel,
and other small animal habitats.
How
to Properly Remove A Tick
Never let tick-borne
infections progress !
Tick-borne diseases can
affect any body part,
organ, and any system
of the body.
Lyme disease and Syphilis are both caused by a type of bacteria called a spirochete.
Tick-borne diseases can KILL!
Ticks travel on mice!
ALWAYS Get Ticks Tested!
Never let tick-borne
infections progress !
Tick-borne diseases can
affect any body part,
organ, and any system
of the body.
Lyme disease and Syphilis are both caused by a type of bacteria called a spirochete.
Tick-borne diseases can KILL!
Ticks travel on mice!
ALWAYS Get Ticks Tested!
Lyme Disease Foundation
Lyme
rashes have been
mistaken for ring worm!
mistaken for ring worm!
Ticks
travel on birds!
Basic
Life Support:
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